Relationship Between Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Some Tephritids: Entomopathogenic Nematodes As Effective Bioagents of Tephritids Soil-borne Stages

Entomopathogenic nematodes are environmental friend bioagents and could be used safely avoiding chemical pollution caused by insecticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes can be reared easily and could be mass reared artificially. It could be produced in billions using inexpensive costs. It can be generally concluded that the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes seems to be a matter of complex system. It includes, for example, the species and the strain of nematode, the ecological properties of soil in which the nematode is borne, the ambient climatic conditions (e.g. temperature and ultraviolet)and physiological status of the nematodes and the host. Native nematode strains are the most effective on their target pests as the may be modified to the environmental conditions of their native land. In Egypt, many native entomopathogenic nematode strains are recorded and used against many agricultural pests.